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The Data Warehouse is indexed in SOLR, the fast open-source enterprise search platform from the Apache Lucene project. The search interface is a single search box, into which you can type simple or complex queries. The data warehouse is searchable by field; field . Field names and sample searches are provided below, along with an introduction to CLAIMS SOLR search basics. For more information about SOLR searching, see the SOLR Reference Guide.
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AND
The AND operator matches documents where both terms exist anywhere in the text of a single document. This is equivalent to an intersection using sets. For example, to search for documents that contain "solar energy" and "heating", " use the following query:
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NOT
The NOT operator excludes documents that contain the term after NOT. This is equivalent to a difference using sets. The symbol " ! " can be used in place of the word NOT. For example, to search for documents that contain "solar energy" but not "heating", use the following query:
"solar energy" NOT heating |
OR
The OR operator links two terms and finds a matching document if either of the terms exist in a document. This is equivalent to a union using sets. The symbol || can be used in place of the word OR.
For example, to search for documents that contain either "solar energy" or "wind power", " use the following query:
"solar energy" OR "wind power |
Default Operator
In CLAIMS DIrectDirect, the default operator is AND. This means that if no operator is specified, the system assumes AND. In the above examples, we explicitly included the operator in all cases for purposes of clarity.
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When no field is specified in the query, the search is directed to the title, abstract, description, and claims fields.
Wildcards
? -- Use the question mark to represent a single character (one and only one) at the end or within a word. To search for British or American spellings, use a query like this: sterili?e.
* -- Use the asterisk to represent 0 to many characters. For example, to search for test, tests, testing, tester, etc., use the search: test*. To retrieve sulphur or sulfur, use the search: sul*ur.
Note: You cannot use a * or ? symbol as the first character of a search.
Range Searching
Range Queries allow you use the TO operator to match documents whose field (s) values are between the a specified lower and upper bound specified by the Range Query. The brackets around a range query determine its inclusiveness:
- Square brackets [ & ] are used to include the upper and lower bounds.
- Curly brackets { & } are used to exclude the upper and lower bounds.
Note: In a range query, the operator ' TO ' must be ALL CAPS.
For example, the following search will find documents whose publication dates have values between 20020101 and 20030101, inclusive.20021231, including the specified dates:
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You can also mix your use of brackets as in the following example, which will return records with publication dates of 20020101 through 20021231, but will not return records with a publication date of 20030101:
pd:[20020101 TO 20030101] } |
Phrases and Proximity
A phrase is a group of words surrounded by double quotes, such as "fuel cell". " To retrieve only documents containing the phrase exactly as searched, place the phrase within quotes, as shown in the example below:
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CLAIMS SOLR supports finding words that are within a specific proximity to one another. To execute a proximity search, use the tilde, "~", symbol at the end of a phrase. For example, to search for "solar" and "generation" within 5 words of each other in a document, use the the following search query:
"solar generation"~5 |
With the upgrade to SOLR version 4.8.1, it is now possible to search phrases that include wild cards and OR'd terms. (For more information about the SOLR Complex Phrase Query Parser, see http://lucene.apache.org/solr/6_5_0/solr-core/org/apache/solr/search/ComplexPhraseQParserPlugin.html.)
This type of search must be prefixed as a complex phrase. The specific syntax is as follows:
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{!complexphrase}ab:"(thermal OR thermic OR thermo) barrier"~8 |
Fuzzy Search
This The upgrade to SOLR 4.8.1 also allows for fuzzy search searching based on the Levenshtein Distance. A fuzzy search query returns terms similar to the queried term. (See the SOLR Reference Guide for more information about fuzzy searches.)
For example, the following query returns 'thermic barrier', 'thermo . . . barrier', and ' as well as 'thermal barrier', but it also returns 'dermal barrier'.'
ttl_en:"thermal~ barrier" |
If you want to fine-tune the results similarity, you can attach a parameter (a number from 0 to 1 -- with 1 being the highest similarity-- follows the tilde) to the fuzzy search, following the tilde. When When this parameter is not specified, the system defaults to .5.
You can use fuzzy searches to ferret out spelling variations and errors. For example:
pa:mitsubishi~9mitsubishi~.9 |
or
ttl_en:color~ |
Fuzzy searches can be embedded in complex phrase queries, as shown in the examples below:
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{!complexphrase}ttl_en:"(thermal~ NOT dermal) barrier"~3~.3 |
Case Sensitivity
Searches in CLAIMS® CLAIMS SOLR are not case-sensitive. Search terms may be entered in caps or lower case, regardless of case in the documents.
Note: You must enter Operators in ALL CAPS and enter field names in lower case.
Complex Queries
Searches in CLAIMS SOLR can include multiple search fields and multiple criteria per field. A few examples are provided to illustrate these more complex queries. Please consult the SOLR Search Fields section for descriptions and additional search examples on a field-by-field basis.
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To search for European or PCT applications published in 2010 that have title, abstract, and claims in English that concern intraocular lenses, the search syntax would look like this:
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